[Spring MVC菜鸟之旅] Spring MVC 与 Hibernate整合

应用结构

先贴上一张本文最终运行成功的Spring MVC程序的结构图

配置项目

使用Maven导入SpringMVC所依赖的包，修改pom.xml文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
  http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
  http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.nicklaus.springmvc</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>4.3.0.RELEASE</spring.version>

    <hibernate.version>4.3.11.Final</hibernate.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.29</mysql.version>
    <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- Spring start -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Spring end -->

    <!--hibernate-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--数据库连接池C3P0-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Mysql-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- jstl for jsp page -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
        <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>9.2.1.v20140609</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

修改WEB-INF下的web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <display-name>SpringMVCDemo</display-name>

  <!-- 配置spring应用上下文 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
      classpath:applicationContext.xml
    </param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- 配置spring核心servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 过滤器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

保持之前dispatcher-servlet.xml内容不变

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:resources location="resources" mapping="/resources/**"/>

    <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能，注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 启动包扫描功能，以便注册带有@Controller、@Service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.niklaus.springmvc" />

    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

在resource目录下创建applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:dev/config.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <import resource="spring-db.xml" />

</beans>

在resource目录下创建spring-db.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
">

    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
          destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl">
            <value>${jdbc.url}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="user">
            <value>${jdbc.username}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="password">
            <value>${jdbc.password}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="minPoolSize">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.min}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="maxPoolSize">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.max}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="initialPoolSize">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.init}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="maxStatements">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.maxStatements}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="maxIdleTime">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.maxIdleTime}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.idleConnectionTestPeriod}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.acquireRetryAttempts}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.breakAfterAcquireFailure}</value>
        </property>
        <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout">
            <value>${jdbc.pool.testConnectionOnCheckout}</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                    org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
                </prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">none</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan">
            <list>
                <value>com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate">
        <property name="sessionFactory">
            <ref bean="sessionFactory" />
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <!-- 定义方法的过滤规则 -->
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 所有方法都使用事务 -->
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <!-- 定义一个切入点 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="services" expression="execution (* com.niklaus.springmvc.service.*Service.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="services" />
    </aop:config>

</beans>

将配置数据源的配置信息写入config.properties文件中

#mysql configuration
jdbc.url=jdbc\:mysql\://10.1.1.00\:3306/xxxxx?autoReconnect\=true&useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=
jdbc.pool.min=5
jdbc.pool.max=50
jdbc.pool.maxIdleTime=180
jdbc.pool.init=5
jdbc.pool.idleConnectionTestPeriod=1800
jdbc.pool.maxStatements=100
jdbc.pool.acquireRetryAttempts=30
jdbc.pool.breakAfterAcquireFailure=false
jdbc.pool.testConnectionOnCheckout=false

编写数据交互的代码

创建数据表

CREATE TABLE `auth_user` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  `email` VARCHAR(75) NOT NULL,
  `password` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
  `last_login` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `date_joined` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `username` (`username`)
)

Pojo

package com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "auth_user")
public class Test {

    private long id;
    private String userName;
    private String email;
    private String password;
    private Date lastLogin;
    private Date dateJoined;

    @Id
    @Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false)
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Column(name = "username")
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    @Column(name = "email")
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Column(name = "password")
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Column(name = "last_login")
    public Date getLastLogin() {
        return lastLogin;
    }

    public void setLastLogin(Date lastLogin) {
        this.lastLogin = lastLogin;
    }

    @Column(name = "date_joined")
    public Date getDateJoined() {
        return dateJoined;
    }

    public void setDateJoined(Date dateJoined) {
        this.dateJoined = dateJoined;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Test{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", lastLogin=" + lastLogin +
                ", dateJoined=" + dateJoined +
                '}';
    }
}

Dao层

接口

package com.niklaus.springmvc.dao;

import com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */
public interface TestDao {

    public void testAdd(Test test);

    public void testDelete(Test test);

    public void testUpdate(Test test);

    public Test getTestById(long id);

    public List<Test> getAll();

}

实现

package com.niklaus.springmvc.dao.Impl;

import com.niklaus.springmvc.dao.TestDao;
import com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo.Test;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */
@Repository
public class TestDaoImpl implements TestDao{

    @Resource
    HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;

    public void testAdd(Test test) {
        hibernateTemplate.save(test);
    }

    public void testDelete(Test test) {
        hibernateTemplate.delete(test);
    }

    public void testUpdate(Test test) {
        hibernateTemplate.update(test);
    }

    public Test getTestById(long id) {
        Test test = hibernateTemplate.get(Test.class,id);
        return test;
    }

    public List<Test> getAll() {
        List<?> list = hibernateTemplate.find("from Test where id > 0");
        return (List<Test>)list;
    }
}

Service层

接口

package com.niklaus.springmvc.service;

import com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */

public interface TestService {

    public List<Test> getAllUser();

    public void addUser(Test test);

}

实现

package com.niklaus.springmvc.service.Impl;

import com.niklaus.springmvc.dao.TestDao;
import com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo.Test;
import com.niklaus.springmvc.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */
@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService{

    @Autowired
    TestDao testDao;

    public List<Test> getAllUser() {
        return testDao.getAll();
    }

    public void addUser(Test test) {
        testDao.testAdd(test);
    }
}

Controller层

package com.niklaus.springmvc.controller;

import com.niklaus.springmvc.pojo.Test;
import com.niklaus.springmvc.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by nicholas.chi on 2016/7/2.
 */
@Controller
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    TestService testService;

    @RequestMapping(value="/test",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String test(){
        List<Test> list = testService.getAllUser();

        for(int i = 0;i<list.size();i++){
            System.out.println("Test Num : "+i);
            System.out.println("Test content : "+list.get(i).toString());
        }

        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/testAdd",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String testAdd(){
        Test test = new Test();
        test.setUserName("Tests");
        test.setEmail("test@teat.com");
        test.setPassword("XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX");
        test.setDateJoined(new Date());
        test.setLastLogin(new Date());
        testService.addUser(test);
        return "index";
    }
}

效果验证

在浏览器中访问http://localhost:10086/springmvc/test，会发现IDE的Console会打印如下信息：

Hibernate: select test0_.id as id1_0_, test0_.date_joined as date_joi2_0_, test0_.email as email3_0_, test0_.last_login as last_log4_0_, test0_.password as password5_0_, test0_.username as username6_0_ from auth_user test0_ where test0_.id>0
Test Num : 0
Test content : Test{id=1, userName='kerry', email='kerry.liu@yuyutechnology.com', password='e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', lastLogin=2016-02-03 14:48:12.0, dateJoined=2016-02-02 18:23:13.0}
Test Num : 1
Test content : Test{id=2, userName='a', email='a@a.com', password='e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', lastLogin=2016-02-03 14:38:22.0, dateJoined=2016-02-03 11:29:23.0}
Test Num : 2
Test content : Test{id=3, userName='b', email='b@b.com', password='e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', lastLogin=2016-02-03 11:48:30.0, dateJoined=2016-02-03 11:48:30.0}
Test Num : 3
Test content : Test{id=4, userName='test', email='test@test.com', password='e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', lastLogin=2016-02-03 12:04:32.0, dateJoined=2016-02-03 12:03:29.0}
Test Num : 4
Test content : Test{id=5, userName='test2', email='test2@test.com', password='e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e', lastLogin=2016-02-03 12:07:00.0, dateJoined=2016-02-03 12:07:00.0}
Test Num : 5
Test content : Test{id=6, userName='c', email='c@c.com', password='202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70', lastLogin=2016-02-03 12:21:44.0, dateJoined=2016-02-03 12:21:44.0}
Test Num : 6
Test content : Test{id=7, userName='123', email='123@123.com', password='dddd', lastLogin=2016-07-15 18:00:27.0, dateJoined=2016-07-15 18:00:27.0}

由以上的信息可以看出，我们成功连接到了数据库，并且能从中获取我们想要的数据，但是这并不意味这我们将Spring MVC 和Hibernate整合成功了，如果我们此时去访问http://localhost:10086/springmvc/testAdd，就会发现页面提示500错误信息。

其中我们从org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.MANUAL): Turn your Session into FlushMode.COMMIT/AUTO or remove ‘readOnly’ marker from transaction definition.错误提示中可以知道，当前正处于read-only状态，只允许读操作，不允许写操作。

解决问题

修改dispatcher-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">

    <!-- 处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:resources location="resources" mapping="/resources/**"/>

    <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能，注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 启动包扫描功能，以便注册带有@Controller、@Service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean -->
    <!--<context:component-scan base-package="com.niklaus.springmvc" />-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.niklaus.springmvc" use-default-filters="false" >
        <context:include-filter expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" type="annotation"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

修改applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:dev/config.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.niklaus.springmvc" >
        <context:exclude-filter expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" type="annotation"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <import resource="spring-db.xml" />

</beans>

保存好修改内容之后，再次访问 http://localhost:10086/springmvc/testAdd ，发现此时不再报错，然后查看数据库发现确实增加了username为Tests的 一条数据

结语

直到此时我们才将Spring MVC 和 Hibernate框架初步整合，支持增删改查等一系列数据交互的操作。如果需要更加强大的功能，还需要后续的步骤。(其实我想说，你需要力量吗，氪金吧O(∩_∩)O)

参考&引用

更新时间

发布时间 ： 2016-07-02