Ubuntu系统下安装Nginx服务器的方法

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Nginx简介

Nginx是一个非常轻量级的HTTP服务器，Nginx，它的发音为“engine x”，是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，同时也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。

Nginx安装

系统环境

操作系统 ：ubuntu-16.04（64）

在线安装

首先因为我并不是项目应用，而且也不是很频繁的使用Linux系统，所以选择更容易上手的Ubuntu系统作为本文Demo的对象。如果选择Debian等Linux系统或者使用源代码安装，在安装Nginx服务器之前需要手动安装依赖的库，但是在Ubuntu系统下，使用在线安装相对来说简单一点。在这里要提醒一下，在线安装和源代码安装的一些命令行和安装位置是不一样的，这个需要具体对待。

使用apt-get在线安装命令：

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$sudo apt-get install nginx

nginx安装

从上图我们可以看出，安装的Nginx的版本是1.10.0。Ubuntu安装Nginx之后的文件结构大致如下表：

文件 路径
配置文件 /etc/nginx
虚拟主机 /etc/nginx/sites-available
启动程序 /usr/sbin/nginx
日志 /var/log/nginx
nginx启动脚本 /etc/init.d/
默认虚拟主机 /usr/share/nginx/www

启动Nginx

在线安装的启动过程

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$sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

如果出现[ ok ] Starting nginx (via systemctl): nginx.service.的提示，说明Nginx服务器启动成功，这个时候我们在浏览器中访问一下http://localhost/，正常情况下会出现Nginx的欢迎页面如下图。

常用Nginx命令

启动Nginx服务器

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$sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

关闭Nginx服务器

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sudo service nginx stop

重启Nginx服务器

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sudo service nginx restart

重新加载配置文件

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nginx -s reload

检查配置文件是否出错

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nginx -t

Nginx配置

主要配置文件

通过上面的表格我们知道Nginx的配置文件是/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

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user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
	worker_connections 768;
	# multi_accept on;
}
http {
	##
	# Basic Settings
	##
	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;
	# server_tokens off;
	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
	# server_name_in_redirect off;
	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;
	##
	# SSL Settings
	##
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
	##
	# Logging Settings
	##
	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
	##
	# Gzip Settings
	##
	gzip on;
	gzip_disable "msie6";
	# gzip_vary on;
	# gzip_proxied any;
	# gzip_comp_level 6;
	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
	##
	# Virtual Host Configs
	##
	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
#mail {
#	# See sample authentication script at:
#	# http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
# 
#	# auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#	# pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#	# imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:110;
#		protocol   pop3;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
# 
#	server {
#		listen     localhost:143;
#		protocol   imap;
#		proxy      on;
#	}
#}

其中设置了一些必要的参数，我们发现62行有这样的语句include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*.可以看出/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default文件也是一个核心的配置文件，其中包含了服务器跟目录、服务器名称、location信息和server信息等配置信息。

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##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#
# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
	listen 80 default_server;
	listen [::]:80 default_server;
	# SSL configuration
	#
	# listen 443 ssl default_server;
	# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
	#
	# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
	#
	# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
	#
	# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
	# Don't use them in a production server!
	#
	# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;
	root /var/www/html;
	# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
	index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
	server_name _;
	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}
	# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
	#
	#location ~ \.php$ {
	#	include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	#
	#	# With php7.0-cgi alone:
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
	#	# With php7.0-fpm:
	#	fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
	#}
	# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
	# concurs with nginx's one
	#
	#location ~ /\.ht {
	#	deny all;
	#}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#	listen 80;
#	listen [::]:80;
#
#	server_name example.com;
#
#	root /var/www/example.com;
#	index index.html;
#
#	location / {
#		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#	}
#}

参考&引用

nginx documentation
Ubuntu中Nginx的安装与配置
Ubuntu下安装nginx的步骤分享

更新时间

发布时间 ： 2016-08-20

看你的了！